It's not necessarily laundered money, but there is around £20Bn in Russian private investments...
Cyprus is far more complicated than a simple bailout, as there are deeper political issues circling it, according to my Dad who has been living out there for quite a few years (they moved for health reasons - and are ambivalent over the whole thing as they don't have huge savings anyway, and they have saved more than would be taken by living there, so it's swings and roundabouts really)
Firstly, it is in a very strategic position, providing safe airstrips (that don't exist, honest. That's not a black aircraft, it's... um... a high speed duck) for missions into the middle east. This makes it very useful for Europe/Americans. However, the EU/US aren't that chummy with Cyprus itself as turkey would be a much nicer friend in the region. Add to this, the last president (Comrade Chris) was a Russian educated communist, and so he chummed up with Russia very muchly, spending large amounts of cash on obsolete russian tanks and unusable anti aircraft systems to keep the fiendish Turks at bay. However - Turkey is unlikely to press any further anyway as they want to stay on the good side with EU/US.
Secondly, the Turkish/Greek split is still a very hot topic, and so when the chance came to show solidarity with their spiritual brethren in Greece, Cyprus happily joined in the first rounds of assistance (they had a ~£2Bn budget surplus at this point, just 5 or so years ago) The sad truth is that Cypriots are basically mainly Arabs, with some Greek mixing, that used to live side by side in relative harmony until outside forces used them as a political football. Now split under religious lines, with the Christians fervently proclaiming they are pure Greek, always have been, etc. etc. In much the same way as Falklands are more British than the UK, the Greek Cypriots are more Greek than the Greek.
Thirdly, the recent discovery of oil & gas nearby, which Cyprus & Turkey both claim as theirs, so Cyprus offers extra incentives to Russia in the form of preferential extraction rights in the hope of some 'protection' in terms of having a big diplomatic partner even if under it all Russia is unlikely to actually step in and do anything if it did kick off again.
Against this backdrop, Cypriot banks have thrown themselves at the Russian nouveau-riche as a nice little offshore tax haven, backed up by the political chumminess, and attracted quite a lot of the cash that might otherwise have gone to the traditional banking institutes (Germany, Switzerland, London, etc.)
From what's dripping out now, it sounds like the EU said 'you need to get some of this money from this vast tax haven you are running'. If they only taxed the 100k+ bracket (like EU want), the would have to grab 15% or so. this would mightily annoy the Russians whose money was being grabbed. So Cyprus wants to spread the pain to everyone as this would cut the upper limits to 10% or so, thus 'saving' their pals 33% of what it could have been.
However, the EU has unhelpfully come out to say 'Erm... actually we didn't insist you tax everyone - just the opposite in fact', making the comedically inept Cypriot government face the consequences of trying to keep chummy with the Russians throughout.
Cyprus feels it needs Russia as a friend to back it up against the Turkey issue (even going as far as to getting their main power station accidentally blown up rather than expose Russian involvement into shipping arms to Syria when the UN told everyone not to) EU/US don't want Russia to have any say in the Mediterranean (for all the strategic & military reasons) If the result of this is (a) a grab of £2-3Bn of Russian money, (b) Russia withdraws most of its investment from Cyprus (c) Cyprus has to crawl back into the arms of the EU/US hegemony, then this is a strategic win for EU/US.
However, the social repercussions of threatening the normal savers (which EU should have in theory protected) would probably be Cyprus' last 'screw you' maneuver that could easily cripple investor confidence in Spain/Italy/Portugal/Greece/Ireland - the hint of another bailout being needed in any of those countries & you can just watch the banks haemorrhage cash like the worlds about to end.
tl:dr: EU bitch slaps Cyprus for getting too chummy with Russia. Cyprus sticks two fingers up as it spirals down the drain. Hilarity ensues.
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